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Biomarker reproducibility in exhaled breath condensate collected with different condensers

Depts of ¹ Paediatric Pulmonology, Caphri Research Institute, ⁷ Paediatrics and ⁵ Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Proteomics, University Hospital Maastricht and Depts of ³ Methodology and Statistics and ⁸ General Practice, Caphri Research Institute, ⁴ Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, and ² Dept of Paediatrics, Maasland Hospital, Sittard, and ⁶ Dept of Immunology, University Medical Centre Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

CORRESPONDENCE: P. P. Rosias, Dept of Paediatric Pulmonology, Caphri Research Institute, University Hospital Maastricht, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands. Fax: 31 433875246. E-mail: p.rosias{at}orbisconcern.nl

Keywords: Condenser, cytokines, exhaled breath condensates, hydrogen peroxide, 8-isoprostane, multiplex array

Received: June 19, 2007
Accepted December 19, 2007

Optimal collection and analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) are prerequisites for standardisation and reproducibility of assessments. The present study aimed to assess reproducibility of EBC volume, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), 8-isoprostane and cytokine measurements using different condensers, including a newly developed glass condenser.

At four points in time, 30 healthy subjects performed sequential EBC collections randomly using the following four condensers: glass, silicone, EcoScreen® (Erich Jaeger GmbH, Hoechberg, Germany) and an optimised glass condenser. In small EBC samples, H₂O₂ was measured by spectrophotometer, 8-isoprostane by enzyme immunoassay, and cytokines by multiplexed xMAP® technology (Luminex Corporation, Austin, TX, USA).

The optimised glass condenser yielded significantly more EBC volume (median 2,025 µL, interquartile range 1,600–2,525). The reproducibility of EBC volume, yielded by the new glass condenser, was comparable with EcoScreen® (19–20 coefficients of variation (CV)%), but was significantly better compared with silicone and glass (29–37 CV%). The new condenser was associated with significantly more detections of H₂O₂, 8-isoprostane, interleukin-2, -4, -5 and -13, and tumour necrosis factor-. Isoprostane concentrations were significantly higher using the new condenser, whereas H₂O₂ and cytokine concentrations were not. Reproducibility of biomarkers was equally variable for all condenser types.

In conclusion, significantly more exhaled breath condensate volume and biomarker detections were found using the optimised glass condenser, including higher 8-isoprostane levels. However, biomarker reproducibility in exhaled breath condensate in healthy adults was not influenced by the type of condenser.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				E. Sapey, D. Bayley, A. Ahmad, and R. Stockley The validation of assays used to measure biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate Eur. Respir. J., November 1, 2008; 32(5): 1408 - 1409. [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. P. Rosias and E. Dompeling From the authors Eur. Respir. J., November 1, 2008; 32(5): 1409 - 1409. [Full Text] [PDF]