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1 Dept of Chest Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur, Montreal, Canada and 2 Joint Depts of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
CORRESPONDENCE: D. Gautrin, Dept of Chest Medicine, Sacré-Coeur Hospital, 5400 Gouin Blvd West, Montreal, Canada, H4J 1C5. Fax: 1 5143383123
Keywords: asthma, immunological sensitization, occupational asthma
Received: July 24, 2000
Accepted December 12, 2000
This study was supported by the Medical Research Council of Canada (grant no MT-12256) and the Fonds de la Recherche en Sante du Quebec.
The natural history of the development of sensitization and disease due to high-molecular-weight allergens is not well characterized. This study describes the time-course of the incidence of work-related symptoms, skin reactivity and occupational rhinoconjunctivitis (RC) and asthma (OA); and assesses the predictive value of skin testing and RC symptoms in apprentices exposed to laboratory animals, in a 3–4-yr programme.
Four-hundred and seventeen apprentices at five institutions were assessed prospectively with questionnaire, skin-testing with animal-derived allergens, spirometry and airway responsiveness (n=373). Depending on the school, students were seen 8 (n=136), 20 (n=345), 32 (n=355) and 44 (n=98) months after starting the programme.
At all visits, the incidence was greater for work-related RC symptoms followed in order by skin reactivity, occupational RC, and, almost equally, OA and work-related respiratory symptoms. The incidence-density figures were comparable for each follow-up period and for most indices up to 32 months after entry into the study and then tended to decrease. The positive predictive values (PPVs) of skin reactivity to work-related allergens for the development of work-related RC and respiratory symptoms were 30% and 9.0%, respectively, while the PPVs of work-related RC for the development of OA was 11.4%.
Sensitization, symptoms and diseases occur maximally in the first 2–3 yrs after starting exposure to laboratory animals. Skin reactivity to work-related allergens and rhinoconjuctivitis symptoms have low positive predictive values.
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